The year 2025 became a period of strategic self-determination for Kazakhstan amid global turbulence, the transformation of the world order, and ongoing domestic reforms.

In an interview with the NUR.KZ portal, Rustem Mustafin, Head of the Center for Digital Social Sciences at IPhPR, summed up the results of the outgoing year and provided an expert assessment of the key socio-political processes in the country.

Nur.kz